In the annals of American history, few stories are as intriguing as the time Abraham Lincoln, a future president, and James Shields, a state auditor, came to the brink of a sword duel. This peculiar event, stemming from a fiery debate over banking policies in Illinois, paints a vivid picture of political and personal drama in the mid-19th century.

The Spark: A Banking Crisis and a Pen Name

Our story unfolds in August 1842, against the backdrop of the Illinois State Bank’s collapse. As the bank announced its inability to accept its own paper currency for debt payments, opting for gold and silver instead, many citizens found themselves in dire straits. James Shields, the State Auditor and a Democrat, supported this decision, drawing the ire of the Whig opposition, including a certain Abraham Lincoln, then a self-styled “prairie lawyer.”

Lincoln, known for his sharp wit and persuasive rhetoric, saw an opportunity to challenge Shields’ stance. Under the pseudonym “Rebecca,” he penned a scathing letter that appeared in the Sangamo Journal, a move facilitated by his friendship with editor Simeon Francis. In his letter, Lincoln, posing as an Illinois farmer, lambasted Shields for the financial turmoil, humorously lamenting the uselessness of his hard-earned State Bank paper.

A Twist of Romance and Ridicule

The plot thickened as Lincoln, perhaps emboldened by his reunion with Mary Todd after a broken engagement, showed her the letter. Delighted, Mary took it upon herself to submit her critique to the Journal under the pseudonym “Cathleen,” adding fuel to the fire.

Lincoln’s words were not just a political jab; they also mocked Shields’ romantic endeavors, humorously depicting him as overwhelmed by his attractiveness to women. This blend of political and personal satire was more than Shields could tolerate.

The Challenge: Swords at Dawn

Upon discovering the true identity of “Rebecca,” Shields was incensed. He demanded a retraction, but Lincoln, steadfast in his stance, requested a more “gentlemanly” revision of Shields’ demand. This only escalated tensions, leading Shields to challenge Lincoln to a duel. The duel was to be held in Missouri, where the practice was still legal.

Given the choice of weapons, Lincoln, with his towering height of six feet four inches, selected cavalry broadswords, intending to leverage his reach against Shields, who was notably shorter. Lincoln’s strategy was not to kill but to disarm his opponent, a testament to his reluctance for violence.

The Duel That Wasn’t

On September 22, the adversaries met on Bloody Island, a notorious dueling ground. The scene was set for a dramatic confrontation. However, in a display of skill and intimidation, Lincoln swung his sword, effortlessly slicing through a tree branch, showcasing his reach and strength. This demonstration was enough for Shields to recognize his disadvantage. Encouraged by onlookers, the two men agreed to a truce, averting potential tragedy.

Reconciliation and Legacy

Years later, during the Civil War, fate brought Lincoln and Shields together again. Shields, now a Brigadier General, distinguished himself at the Battle of Kernstown, suffering severe wounds. In a gesture of reconciliation, Lincoln, then President, nominated Shields for promotion to Major General, symbolically burying their past animosity.

A Silent Chapter

Despite its dramatic nature, Lincoln seldom spoke of the duel. When asked about it, he acknowledged the event but preferred to leave it in the past, requesting that it never be mentioned again.

Reflections

This remarkable episode in Lincoln’s life offers more than just a curious historical anecdote. It highlights the intense political climate of the time, the personal stakes involved in public service, and Lincoln’s own complex character—a man of intellect, humor, and a profound aversion to unnecessary violence. The duel with Shields stands as a testament to Lincoln’s capacity for growth and reconciliation, qualities that would later define his presidency and his enduring legacy in American history.